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Artificial intelligence has become a transformative tool in science and industry, but it has not yet made a significant contribution at large-scale facilities for X-ray and neutron science such as MAX IV and ESS, while in other countries, such as the USA, it is already a key tool at synchrotron radiation and neutron facilities. Generating Advances with AI for Neutrons/X-rays (GAIN) is an interdisciplinary platform that discusses and devises roadmaps and implementations of AI data-driven solutions to address open challenges and tasks at these facilities.

The theme covers accelerator operation, experiment optimization, and data analysis and interpretation, ultimately leading to the generation of scientific knowledge. Its work is organized in three working groups: AI for sustainable accelerators, AI for optimized experiments, and AI for knowledge. By uniting world-leading experimentalists from neutron and X-ray facilities, AI scientists, and users of such facilities, GAIN aims to establish a roadmap for integrating AI at MAX IV and ESS, with the goal of enhancing facility operations, reducing user entry barriers, and bridging the gap between experiments and knowledge.

GAIN aims to create the first Swedish forum that brings together scientists from large-scale facilities, users of such facilities, and AI experts for scientific computing. Through workshops and hackathons, webinars, summer schools, guest researcher visits, and an international conference, the theme will build an international network, identify bottlenecks before, during, and after neutron and X-ray experiments, and train students, researchers, and industrial partners in the use of AI at large-scale facilities. As a cross-focused area theme, GAIN will evaluate AI tools for techniques and data analysis in all LINXS focus areas, such as imaging, diffraction, spectroscopy, and scattering.

HAPPENING IN GAIN

CORE GROUP

WORKING GROUPS FOR GAIN

Working Group 1

AI for sustainable accelerators

Working Group 1 is focused on the development of AI tools to support the operation and design of accelerators such as those at MAX IV and ESS, to optimise their usage, minimise downtime, and improve their sustainability. WG1 will establish a network of accelerator physicists and AI experts across different facilities, including those pioneering AI initiatives, educate students to lead this work and solve current challenges, and explore the potential of AI not only to improve the operation of current accelerators but also to design the next generation of accelerators for large-scale facilities.

WORKING GROUP 2

AI for optimized experiments

Working Group 2 focuses on optimising the success of experiments at neutron and X-ray facilities by using AI tools to assist with the preparation and execution of measurements. Ultimately, WG2 aims to reduce the entry barrier and facilitate the use of facilities such as MAX IV and ESS. WG2 will establish a network of neutron and X-ray instrument scientists, AI and computing experts specialising in large-scale facilities, and advanced users familiar with AI, create a forum where users and experts can identify needs and bottlenecks for successful experiments, educate users and instrument scientists in the use of AI tools for preparing and running experiments, and explore new opportunities for AI within the scope of WG2.

WORKING GROUP 3

AI for knowledge

Working Group 3 focuses on finding AI tools to assist data analysis and bridge the gap between performing an experiment at large-scale facilities and extracting knowledge. The working group is multidisciplinary and covers techniques used across all LINXS focus areas, such as diffraction, scattering, imaging, spectroscopy, and their combined use. WG3 will establish a forum for neutron and X-ray experts, users of large-scale facilities, and experts in scientific computing and inverse problems, educate users in the use of AI tools for data analysis, and identify user needs to develop AI tools that reduce the time between data acquisition and knowledge generation.

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